Physical:
Body Growth:
Humans have a long period of body growth. For us it grows 20% of our lifespan. We will be talking about body growth in early childhood, middle childhood, and during adolescence.
When you are an infant is when you grow the fastest! Infants usually increase their height by around 50% and then 75% when they are two years old. When the child is in preschool and in the middle childhood stage, height slows down, and then they start growing again during adolescence.
Around ages 2-6 children start to look their baby fat and they also become stronger. During early childhood boys and girls are usually on the same track, and then girls are usually taller in middle childhood because they experience puberty. Girls generally have more body fat than boys, but boys have more body mass. This is also true for middle childhood and the adolescent stages in life (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
In the adolescence stage is when boys and girls go through puberty. Hormones are a chemical substances that effects the body's emotions, sleeping pattern, appetite, sexual arousal and reproductive cycle. During this part of their life, boys and girls will start to have their adult shape. However, the way this effects a teenager is different for all teenagers. Sometimes it can have a psychological impact. This psychological impact will be different for girls and boys. For girls, they can go through puberty earlier than their peers which might make them feel self-conscience. Some girls can experience depression if they go through puberty early. For boys going through puberty early on is an advantage.
When you are an infant is when you grow the fastest! Infants usually increase their height by around 50% and then 75% when they are two years old. When the child is in preschool and in the middle childhood stage, height slows down, and then they start growing again during adolescence.
Around ages 2-6 children start to look their baby fat and they also become stronger. During early childhood boys and girls are usually on the same track, and then girls are usually taller in middle childhood because they experience puberty. Girls generally have more body fat than boys, but boys have more body mass. This is also true for middle childhood and the adolescent stages in life (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
In the adolescence stage is when boys and girls go through puberty. Hormones are a chemical substances that effects the body's emotions, sleeping pattern, appetite, sexual arousal and reproductive cycle. During this part of their life, boys and girls will start to have their adult shape. However, the way this effects a teenager is different for all teenagers. Sometimes it can have a psychological impact. This psychological impact will be different for girls and boys. For girls, they can go through puberty earlier than their peers which might make them feel self-conscience. Some girls can experience depression if they go through puberty early. For boys going through puberty early on is an advantage.
Brain Development:
Brain development is very important to a person's physical growth. During early childhood the brain grows very fast and is about 75% of the adult sized brain. At the age of 3 it is usually around 90% of the size of an adult brain. The development of the brain synapses happens in the first couple years of a child's life. Myelination is when there is "a growth of neural fibers and the process coating of the fibers with fatty myelin." This is a process that helps brain efficiency and helps with memory. In the early stages of life, a child can hold more memories, this is why it is easier to teach a child a language during this time. It is harder to do this during the adolescent stage because it is harder to make these connections in your brain, and it will also be harder to pick up the accent of that language (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Motor Development:
In the video above is shows examples of motor development (exsportisecoach, 2009).
There are two different types of motor development- gross motor and fine motor skills. Gross motor is using large muscle groups like legs and arms and doing physical activities. This would involve running, jumping, etc. The video above demonstrated great ideas for physical gross motor activities.
During the preschool ages, children become better at running, jumping, etc. because they have better balance than they did when they were toddlers. During each age children become better at catching a ball, throwing a ball, running, skipping and other gross motor skills. At the age of 4 and 5 children learn how to use their whole bodies to do certain tasks like throwing. They know to not just use their arms, but their shoulders and wrists as well. Gross motor skills are fully developed when they get into the adolescent age.
Fine motor skills is when you use small muscles like hands, fingers, wrists, etc. Tasks like this would include drawing, putting beads on a string, eating with a fork/spoon, etc. Fine motor skills teach children control and coordination using certain objects. At the age of 2 children really struggle with fine motor skills, but by 3 and 4 children start to get the hang of it. Children's fine motor skills are fully development when they get to the adolescent stage (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Here is cite that has multiple ideas on fine motor skills:
http://pinterest.com/caseywaid/fine-motor-skills-infants-toddlers-preschoolers/
Gross motor skills: http://pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=gross+motor+skills
There are two different types of motor development- gross motor and fine motor skills. Gross motor is using large muscle groups like legs and arms and doing physical activities. This would involve running, jumping, etc. The video above demonstrated great ideas for physical gross motor activities.
During the preschool ages, children become better at running, jumping, etc. because they have better balance than they did when they were toddlers. During each age children become better at catching a ball, throwing a ball, running, skipping and other gross motor skills. At the age of 4 and 5 children learn how to use their whole bodies to do certain tasks like throwing. They know to not just use their arms, but their shoulders and wrists as well. Gross motor skills are fully developed when they get into the adolescent age.
Fine motor skills is when you use small muscles like hands, fingers, wrists, etc. Tasks like this would include drawing, putting beads on a string, eating with a fork/spoon, etc. Fine motor skills teach children control and coordination using certain objects. At the age of 2 children really struggle with fine motor skills, but by 3 and 4 children start to get the hang of it. Children's fine motor skills are fully development when they get to the adolescent stage (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Here is cite that has multiple ideas on fine motor skills:
http://pinterest.com/caseywaid/fine-motor-skills-infants-toddlers-preschoolers/
Gross motor skills: http://pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=gross+motor+skills
Health:
Nutrition:
Health is very important to a child's overall development. It is very important for caregivers to start their child off on a good nutritional diet and exercise. Below is a graph to show what children need to eat through early childhood until they are at the adolescent stage (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Sleep:
Along with nutrition, sleep is very important to a child's life and development. From the time a child is born to about 18 months old a child should be sleeping 18-11 hours of sleep. From age 2-6, children need about 11 hours of sleep. Between the ages or 7-14 a child needs between 9-11 hours of sleep, and from 15-18 adolescence needs around 9 hours of sleep. It is said that not enough sleep can lead to obesity (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
Special Physical Needs:
For this section we are going to talk about special needs illnesses that some children are faced with. For children between the ages of 0-14 about 1 in every 10,000 of them gets cancer. Most children that get cancer at young ages are able to be treated and survive. Unfortunately, some may not figure out they have cancer until years later, this is called late effects. This could effect middle childhood and adolescence if they find out about cancer too late and are unable to get treated.
Special needs also deals with environmental hazards like second-hand smoke. This can deal with all of the three stages of development. 60% of children ages 3-11 are around smokers, and deal with second-hand smoke in their homes. Although, it is not just in homes that children can be around this, it can also be in public places. This is very dangerous to children with breathing problems like asthma (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
The video below talks about a program that helps special needs children help develop physically. This allows children that are in all different levels of disabilities to get active and have fun. During one part of this video, parents talk about how their child became confident playing on the playground because of this program. Children in the program are now included in their school because they are physically developing at the same level as other children their age.
Special needs also deals with environmental hazards like second-hand smoke. This can deal with all of the three stages of development. 60% of children ages 3-11 are around smokers, and deal with second-hand smoke in their homes. Although, it is not just in homes that children can be around this, it can also be in public places. This is very dangerous to children with breathing problems like asthma (Woolfolk & Perry, 2012).
The video below talks about a program that helps special needs children help develop physically. This allows children that are in all different levels of disabilities to get active and have fun. During one part of this video, parents talk about how their child became confident playing on the playground because of this program. Children in the program are now included in their school because they are physically developing at the same level as other children their age.
(CPHHSoregonstate, 2013)
Article:
This is about how a child's brain develops during trauma, and how it heals afterward. If a child goes through trauma then their cognitive development is lower than children that live in a positive household. It talks about how children can bounce back from this trauma and become resilient to it.
Some children that face this have anxiety problems along with their cognitive problems. Since they face this everyday, some children will have behavior issues because they are not getting enough attention at home (Black & Laugesen, 2012). To read more of this article click on this link: http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/the-internaut/in-the-new-listener-on-sale-from-19-08-12/ |
Bibliography:
Cover Photo: Agreda, Y. (2013). Stages of learning for a child's cognitive development. WordPress. Retrieved from http://agredayungco.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/stages-of-learning-for-childs-cognitive-development/
Anonymous. (2010). Health insurance for children in switzerland. MZ. Retrieved from http://www.mamizeit.com/2010/09/health-insurance-for-children-in-switzerland/
Anonymous. (2012). Special needs child support. WordPress. Retrieved from http://childsupporttools.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/special-needs-child-support/
Black , J., & Laugesen, R. (2012). Children recovering from trauma, and interviewer interviews interviewer.. Listener. Retrieved from http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/the-internaut/in-the-new-listener-on-sale-from-19-08-12/
CPHHSoregonstate. (2013). Physical activity program impacts lives of children with special needs. Youtube. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NtJozTP97E
exsportisecoach. (2009). Motor skill development. Youtube. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnBWA3GRcug
Kidspot team (2013). Your child's development milestones. Retrieved from http://www.kidspot.com.au/Joy-of-discovery-Development-Your-childs-development-milestones 5366 553 article.htm
Montfort, G., & Boon, R. (2004). Stages of brain development . Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com/journal/ldps/StagesofBrainDevelopment.htm
Woolfolk, A., & Perry, N. (2012). Child and adolescent development. Pearson Education.
Anonymous. (2010). Health insurance for children in switzerland. MZ. Retrieved from http://www.mamizeit.com/2010/09/health-insurance-for-children-in-switzerland/
Anonymous. (2012). Special needs child support. WordPress. Retrieved from http://childsupporttools.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/special-needs-child-support/
Black , J., & Laugesen, R. (2012). Children recovering from trauma, and interviewer interviews interviewer.. Listener. Retrieved from http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/the-internaut/in-the-new-listener-on-sale-from-19-08-12/
CPHHSoregonstate. (2013). Physical activity program impacts lives of children with special needs. Youtube. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NtJozTP97E
exsportisecoach. (2009). Motor skill development. Youtube. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnBWA3GRcug
Kidspot team (2013). Your child's development milestones. Retrieved from http://www.kidspot.com.au/Joy-of-discovery-Development-Your-childs-development-milestones 5366 553 article.htm
Montfort, G., & Boon, R. (2004). Stages of brain development . Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com/journal/ldps/StagesofBrainDevelopment.htm
Woolfolk, A., & Perry, N. (2012). Child and adolescent development. Pearson Education.